6-2 xml格式和jinja2模板渲染
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介绍
XML:(extend mark language可扩展标记语言)是一种用于标记数据的标记语言。纯文本与平台无关，经常用于Java项目中做项配置文件或接口间传输数据。 另一种用途相似的是JSON。
标签Tag: XML使用标签来标记数据，例如 <name>和</name>。 标签通常成对出现，开始标签和结束标签。
元素Element: XML文档由元素组成，元素是包含在开始标签和结束标签之间的数据。 元素可以包含文本、其他元素或两者都包含。
属性Attributes: 属性提供有关元素的额外信息。 属性位于开始标签内，以名称/值对的形式出现。
文档结构: XML文档具有树状结构，其中包含一个根元素和多个子元素。 这种结构允许表示复杂的数据关系。
观察服务器返回的xml配置内容:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<data xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0">
<ethernet xmlns="http://www.huawei.com/netconf/vrp" format-version="1.0" content-version="1.0">
<ethernetIfs>
<ethernetIf>
<ifName>GE1/0/0</ifName>
<ifIndex>5</ifIndex>
<l2Enable>enable</l2Enable>
<vlanAssigns/>
<l2Attribute>
<ifIndex>5</ifIndex>
<linkType>access</linkType>
<pvid>1</pvid>
<trunkVlans/>
<untagVlans/>
<taggedPacketDiscard>false</taggedPacketDiscard>
<portBridgEnable>false</portBridgEnable>
<portActiveVlanInfos>
<portActiveVlanInfo>
<unTagVlanList>1</unTagVlanList>
<tagVlanList/>
</portActiveVlanInfo>
</portActiveVlanInfos>
<muxVlanEna>
<enableVlans/>
</muxVlanEna>
</l2Attribute>
</ethernetIf>
<ethernetIf>
<ifName>GE1/0/1</ifName>
<ifIndex>6</ifIndex>
<l2Enable>enable</l2Enable>
<vlanAssigns/>
<l2Attribute>
<ifIndex>6</ifIndex>
<linkType>access</linkType>
<pvid>1</pvid>
<trunkVlans/>
<untagVlans/>
<taggedPacketDiscard>false</taggedPacketDiscard>
<portBridgEnable>false</portBridgEnable>
<portActiveVlanInfos>
<portActiveVlanInfo>
<unTagVlanList>1</unTagVlanList>
<tagVlanList/>
</portActiveVlanInfo>
</portActiveVlanInfos>
<muxVlanEna>
<enableVlans/>
</muxVlanEna>
</l2Attribute>
</ethernetIf>
<ethernetIf>
<ifName>GE1/0/2</ifName>
<ifIndex>7</ifIndex>
<l2Enable>enable</l2Enable>
<vlanAssigns/>
<l2Attribute>
<ifIndex>7</ifIndex>
<linkType>access</linkType>
<pvid>1</pvid>
<trunkVlans/>
<untagVlans/>
<taggedPacketDiscard>false</taggedPacketDiscard>
<portBridgEnable>false</portBridgEnable>
<portActiveVlanInfos>
<portActiveVlanInfo>
<unTagVlanList>1</unTagVlanList>
<tagVlanList/>
</portActiveVlanInfo>
</portActiveVlanInfos>
<muxVlanEna>
<enableVlans/>
</muxVlanEna>
</l2Attribute>
</ethernetIf>
<ethernetIf>
<ifName>GE1/0/3</ifName>
<ifIndex>8</ifIndex>
<l2Enable>enable</l2Enable>
<vlanAssigns/>
<l2Attribute>
<ifIndex>8</ifIndex>
<linkType>access</linkType>
<pvid>1</pvid>
<trunkVlans/>
<untagVlans/>
<taggedPacketDiscard>false</taggedPacketDiscard>
<portBridgEnable>false</portBridgEnable>
<portActiveVlanInfos>
<portActiveVlanInfo>
<unTagVlanList>1</unTagVlanList>
<tagVlanList/>
</portActiveVlanInfo>
</portActiveVlanInfos>
<muxVlanEna>
<enableVlans/>
</muxVlanEna>
</l2Attribute>
</ethernetIf>
<ethernetIf>
<ifName>GE1/0/4</ifName>
<ifIndex>9</ifIndex>
<l2Enable>enable</l2Enable>
<vlanAssigns/>
<l2Attribute>
<ifIndex>9</ifIndex>
<linkType>access</linkType>
<pvid>1</pvid>
<trunkVlans/>
<untagVlans/>
<taggedPacketDiscard>false</taggedPacketDiscard>
<portBridgEnable>false</portBridgEnable>
<portActiveVlanInfos>
<portActiveVlanInfo>
<unTagVlanList>1</unTagVlanList>
<tagVlanList/>
</portActiveVlanInfo>
</portActiveVlanInfos>
<muxVlanEna>
<enableVlans/>
</muxVlanEna>
</l2Attribute>
</ethernetIf>
<ethernetIf>
<ifName>GE1/0/5</ifName>
<ifIndex>10</ifIndex>
<l2Enable>enable</l2Enable>
<vlanAssigns/>
<l2Attribute>
<ifIndex>10</ifIndex>
<linkType>access</linkType>
<pvid>1</pvid>
<trunkVlans/>
<untagVlans/>
<taggedPacketDiscard>false</taggedPacketDiscard>
<portBridgEnable>false</portBridgEnable>
<portActiveVlanInfos>
<portActiveVlanInfo>
<unTagVlanList>1</unTagVlanList>
<tagVlanList/>
</portActiveVlanInfo>
</portActiveVlanInfos>
<muxVlanEna>
<enableVlans/>
</muxVlanEna>
</l2Attribute>
</ethernetIf>
<ethernetIf>
<ifName>GE1/0/6</ifName>
<ifIndex>11</ifIndex>
<l2Enable>enable</l2Enable>
<vlanAssigns/>
<l2Attribute>
<ifIndex>11</ifIndex>
<linkType>access</linkType>
<pvid>1</pvid>
<trunkVlans/>
<untagVlans/>
<taggedPacketDiscard>false</taggedPacketDiscard>
<portBridgEnable>false</portBridgEnable>
<portActiveVlanInfos>
<portActiveVlanInfo>
<unTagVlanList>1</unTagVlanList>
<tagVlanList/>
</portActiveVlanInfo>
</portActiveVlanInfos>
<muxVlanEna>
<enableVlans/>
</muxVlanEna>
</l2Attribute>
</ethernetIf>
<ethernetIf>
<ifName>GE1/0/7</ifName>
<ifIndex>12</ifIndex>
<l2Enable>enable</l2Enable>
<vlanAssigns/>
<l2Attribute>
<ifIndex>12</ifIndex>
<linkType>access</linkType>
<pvid>1</pvid>
<trunkVlans/>
<untagVlans/>
<taggedPacketDiscard>false</taggedPacketDiscard>
<portBridgEnable>false</portBridgEnable>
<portActiveVlanInfos>
<portActiveVlanInfo>
<unTagVlanList>1</unTagVlanList>
<tagVlanList/>
</portActiveVlanInfo>
</portActiveVlanInfos>
<muxVlanEna>
<enableVlans/>
</muxVlanEna>
</l2Attribute>
</ethernetIf>
<ethernetIf>
<ifName>GE1/0/8</ifName>
<ifIndex>13</ifIndex>
<l2Enable>enable</l2Enable>
<vlanAssigns/>
<l2Attribute>
<ifIndex>13</ifIndex>
<linkType>access</linkType>
<pvid>1</pvid>
<trunkVlans/>
<untagVlans/>
<taggedPacketDiscard>false</taggedPacketDiscard>
<portBridgEnable>false</portBridgEnable>
<portActiveVlanInfos>
<portActiveVlanInfo>
<unTagVlanList>1</unTagVlanList>
<tagVlanList/>
</portActiveVlanInfo>
</portActiveVlanInfos>
<muxVlanEna>
<enableVlans/>
</muxVlanEna>
</l2Attribute>
</ethernetIf>
<ethernetIf>
<ifName>GE1/0/9</ifName>
<ifIndex>14</ifIndex>
<l2Enable>enable</l2Enable>
<vlanAssigns/>
<l2Attribute>
<ifIndex>14</ifIndex>
<linkType>access</linkType>
<pvid>1</pvid>
<trunkVlans/>
<untagVlans/>
<taggedPacketDiscard>false</taggedPacketDiscard>
<portBridgEnable>false</portBridgEnable>
<portActiveVlanInfos>
<portActiveVlanInfo>
<unTagVlanList>1</unTagVlanList>
<tagVlanList/>
</portActiveVlanInfo>
</portActiveVlanInfos>
<muxVlanEna>
<enableVlans/>
</muxVlanEna>
</l2Attribute>
</ethernetIf>
</ethernetIfs>
</ethernet>
<mac xmlns="http://www.huawei.com/netconf/vrp" format-version="1.0" content-version="1.0">
<globalAttribute>
<macAgeTimeEnable>enable</macAgeTimeEnable>
<macAgingTime>300</macAgingTime>
</globalAttribute>
<macUsages>
<macUsage>
<slot>0</slot>
</macUsage>
<macUsage>
<slot>1</slot>
</macUsage>
</macUsages>
<macflpDetectGlbAttr>
<macflpDetectEnable>enable</macflpDetectEnable>
<macflpDetectLevel>middle</macflpDetectLevel>
<macflpAgingTime>300</macflpAgingTime>
<macflpTrapEnable>disable</macflpTrapEnable>
<macflpTrapInterval/>
</macflpDetectGlbAttr>
<macflpDetectExcludeVlan>
<vlanLists/>
</macflpDetectExcludeVlan>
<ifStormContrls>
<ifStormContrl>
<ifName>GE1/0/0</ifName>
<ifIndex>5</ifIndex>
<action>normal</action>
<trapEnable>disable</trapEnable>
<logEnable>disable</logEnable>
<interval>5</interval>
</ifStormContrl>
<ifStormContrl>
<ifName>GE1/0/1</ifName>
<ifIndex>6</ifIndex>
<action>normal</action>
<trapEnable>disable</trapEnable>
<logEnable>disable</logEnable>
<interval>5</interval>
</ifStormContrl>
<ifStormContrl>
<ifName>GE1/0/2</ifName>
<ifIndex>7</ifIndex>
<action>normal</action>
<trapEnable>disable</trapEnable>
<logEnable>disable</logEnable>
<interval>5</interval>
</ifStormContrl>
<ifStormContrl>
<ifName>GE1/0/3</ifName>
<ifIndex>8</ifIndex>
<action>normal</action>
<trapEnable>disable</trapEnable>
<logEnable>disable</logEnable>
<interval>5</interval>
</ifStormContrl>
<ifStormContrl>
<ifName>GE1/0/4</ifName>
<ifIndex>9</ifIndex>
<action>normal</action>
<trapEnable>disable</trapEnable>
<logEnable>disable</logEnable>
<interval>5</interval>
</ifStormContrl>
<ifStormContrl>
<ifName>GE1/0/5</ifName>
<ifIndex>10</ifIndex>
<action>normal</action>
<trapEnable>disable</trapEnable>
<logEnable>disable</logEnable>
<interval>5</interval>
</ifStormContrl>
<ifStormContrl>
<ifName>GE1/0/6</ifName>
<ifIndex>11</ifIndex>
<action>normal</action>
<trapEnable>disable</trapEnable>
<logEnable>disable</logEnable>
<interval>5</interval>
</ifStormContrl>
<ifStormContrl>
<ifName>GE1/0/7</ifName>
<ifIndex>12</ifIndex>
<action>normal</action>
<trapEnable>disable</trapEnable>
<logEnable>disable</logEnable>
<interval>5</interval>
</ifStormContrl>
<ifStormContrl>
<ifName>GE1/0/8</ifName>
<ifIndex>13</ifIndex>
<action>normal</action>
<trapEnable>disable</trapEnable>
<logEnable>disable</logEnable>
<interval>5</interval>
</ifStormContrl>
<ifStormContrl>
<ifName>GE1/0/9</ifName>
<ifIndex>14</ifIndex>
<action>normal</action>
<trapEnable>disable</trapEnable>
<logEnable>disable</logEnable>
<interval>5</interval>
</ifStormContrl>
</ifStormContrls>
</mac>
<ftpc xmlns="http://www.huawei.com/netconf/vrp" format-version="1.0" content-version="1.0">
<ftpClient>
<sourceIpv4Address/>
<sourceInterfaceName/>
</ftpClient>
</ftpc>
<system xmlns="http://www.huawei.com/netconf/vrp" format-version="1.0" content-version="1.0">
<systemInfo>
<sysName>HUAWEI</sysName>
<sysContact>R&D Beijing, Huawei Technologies co.,Ltd.</sysContact>
<sysLocation>Beijing China</sysLocation>
<sysDesc>Huawei Versatile Routing Platform Software
VRP (R) software, Version 8.180 (CE12800 V200R005C10SPC607B607)
Copyright (C) 2012-2018 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
HUAWEI CE12800
</sysDesc>
<sysObjectId>1.3.6.1.4.1.2011.2.62.2.3</sysObjectId>
<sysGmtTime>1743421245</sysGmtTime>
<sysUpTime>4300</sysUpTime>
<sysService>78</sysService>
<platformName>VRP</platformName>
<platformVer>V800R018C10SPC607</platformVer>
<productName>CE12800</productName>
<productVer>V200R005C10SPC607</productVer>
<patchVer/>
<esn>1121232321714418</esn>
<mac>707B-E8AB-2C12</mac>
<lsRole>admin</lsRole>
<authenFlag>false</authenFlag>
</systemInfo>
</system>
<directrt xmlns="http://www.huawei.com/netconf/vrp" format-version="1.0" content-version="1.0">
<directrtvlink>
<drVlinkIfTags>
<drVlinkIfTag>
<ifName>Vlanif1</ifName>
<addressFamily>ipv4uni</addressFamily>
<tag>0</tag>
</drVlinkIfTag>
</drVlinkIfTags>
<drVlinkSys>
<sysIpv4Enable>false</sysIpv4Enable>
<sysIpv6Enable>false</sysIpv6Enable>
</drVlinkSys>
</directrtvlink>
</directrt>
<ntp xmlns="http://www.huawei.com/netconf/vrp" format-version="1.0" content-version="1.0">
<ntpSystemCfg>
<maxSessCount>100</maxSessCount>
<isAuthEnable>false</isAuthEnable>
<isKodEnable>false</isKodEnable>
<syncInterval/>
<minDiscardIntvl>1</minDiscardIntvl>
<avgDiscardIntvl>5</avgDiscardIntvl>
<localPort>123</localPort>
<maxDistance>1</maxDistance>
</ntpSystemCfg>
</ntp>
<ops xmlns="http://www.huawei.com/netconf/vrp" format-version="1.0" content-version="1.0">
<assistant>
<totalAsstSwitch>
<suspend>false</suspend>
</totalAsstSwitch>
</assistant>
</ops>
<pp4 xmlns="http://www.huawei.com/netconf/vrp" format-version="1.0" content-version="1.0">
<globalCfg>
<udphelperEnable>false</udphelperEnable>
<dscpPriorityValue/>
<icmpRateLimitEnable>true</icmpRateLimitEnable>
<icmpRateLmtThreshold>1500</icmpRateLmtThreshold>
<icmpTtlExdDrpEnable>false</icmpTtlExdDrpEnable>
<icmpWithOptDropEnable>false</icmpWithOptDropEnable>
<icmpBroadEchoEn>true</icmpBroadEchoEn>
<icmpUnrchRevEn>false</icmpUnrchRevEn>
</globalCfg>
<IpOptSecuritys>
<IpOptSecurity>
<optionType>routeAlert</optionType>
<switchOp>enable</switchOp>
</IpOptSecurity>
<IpOptSecurity>
<optionType>routeRecord</optionType>
<switchOp>enable</switchOp>
</IpOptSecurity>
<IpOptSecurity>
<optionType>sourceRoute</optionType>
<switchOp>enable</switchOp>
</IpOptSecurity>
<IpOptSecurity>
<optionType>timeStamp</optionType>
<switchOp>enable</switchOp>
</IpOptSecurity>
</IpOptSecuritys>
<ReasTimeout>
<timeout>30</timeout>
</ReasTimeout>
</pp4>
<radius xmlns="http://www.huawei.com/netconf/vrp" format-version="1.0" content-version="1.0">
<rdsClient>
<isEnable>false</isEnable>
<deadCount>10</deadCount>
<deadInterval>5</deadInterval>
<deadTime>3</deadTime>
<failRate>100</failRate>
<srvRecoveryOnRspEnable>true</srvRecoveryOnRspEnable>
</rdsClient>
</radius>
<socket xmlns="http://www.huawei.com/netconf/vrp" format-version="1.0" content-version="1.0">
<TcpGlobalCfg>
<tcpFinTimeout>675</tcpFinTimeout>
<tcpSynTimeout>75</tcpSynTimeout>
<tcpWindow>8</tcpWindow>
<tcp6FinTimeout>675</tcp6FinTimeout>
<tcp6SynTimeout>75</tcp6SynTimeout>
<tcp6Window>8</tcp6Window>
<tcpMaxMss/>
<tcp6MaxMss/>
</TcpGlobalCfg>
</socket>
<dhcpv6 xmlns="http://www.huawei.com/netconf/vrp" format-version="1.0" content-version="1.0">
<common>
<dhcpv6CommonCfg>
<dhcpv6Enable>false</dhcpv6Enable>
<remoteIdFormat>default</remoteIdFormat>
<remoteIdUserDefineText/>
<duidFormat>invalid</duidFormat>
<duidString/>
<dhcpv6IpsecSa/>
<sourceIpAdaptive>false</sourceIpAdaptive>
</dhcpv6CommonCfg>
</common>
<server>
<svrCommons>
<svrCommon>
<dataBaseEnable>false</dataBaseEnable>
<dataBaseRecover>false</dataBaseRecover>
<writeDelay>86400</writeDelay>
</svrCommon>
</svrCommons>
</server>
</dhcpv6>
<pp6 xmlns="http://www.huawei.com/netconf/vrp" format-version="1.0" content-version="1.0">
<Ipv6GlobalCfg>
<bucketSize>10</bucketSize>
<interval>100</interval>
<echoReply>true</echoReply>
<hostUnreach>true</hostUnreach>
<portUnreach>true</portUnreach>
<timeout>10</timeout>
<blacklistFlag>false</blacklistFlag>
<toobigLimitFlag>true</toobigLimitFlag>
</Ipv6GlobalCfg>
<icmp6Securitys>
<icmp6Security>
<action>send</action>
<icmpType>0</icmpType>
<icmpCode>0</icmpCode>
<allFlag>yes</allFlag>
<switchOp>enable</switchOp>
</icmp6Security>
<icmp6Security>
<action>receive</action>
<icmpType>0</icmpType>
<icmpCode>0</icmpCode>
<allFlag>yes</allFlag>
<switchOp>enable</switchOp>
</icmp6Security>
</icmp6Securitys>
</pp6>
<segr xmlns="http://www.huawei.com/netconf/vrp" format-version="1.0" content-version="1.0">
<srSite>
<srEnable>false</srEnable>
<srPrefer>false</srPrefer>
</srSite>
</segr>
<vlan xmlns="http://www.huawei.com/netconf/vrp" format-version="1.0" content-version="1.0">
<vlans>
<vlan>
<vlanId>1</vlanId>
<vlanType>common</vlanType>
<vlanName/>
<vlanDesc>VLAN 0001</vlanDesc>
<adminStatus>up</adminStatus>
<subVlans/>
<superVlan/>
<vlanif>
<ifName>Vlanif1</ifName>
<cfgBand>1000</cfgBand>
<dampTime>0</dampTime>
</vlanif>
<muxVlan>
<separateVlan/>
<groupVlans/>
</muxVlan>
</vlan>
</vlans>
<instances>
<instance>
<instanceId>0</instanceId>
<vlans>
7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFE
</vlans>
<instanceType>default</instanceType>
</instance>
</instances>
</vlan>
<sshc xmlns="http://www.huawei.com/netconf/vrp" format-version="1.0" content-version="1.0">
<sshClient>
<keepAliveTime>0</keepAliveTime>
<keepAliveCount>3</keepAliveCount>
<firstTimeEnable>Disable</firstTimeEnable>
<SrcIpv4Addr/>
<SrcInterface/>
<vpnInstanceName/>
<scpSrcIpv4Addr/>
<scpSrcInterface/>
<scpVpnInstanceName/>
<packetDscp>48</packetDscp>
</sshClient>
<reKey>
<rekeyMaxPacketNo>2147483648</rekeyMaxPacketNo>
<rekeyTime>60</rekeyTime>
<rekeyMaxData>1000</rekeyMaxData>
</reKey>
<sshCCipherAlg>
<descbc>false</descbc>
<des3cbc>true</des3cbc>
<aes128cbc>true</aes128cbc>
<aes256cbc>true</aes256cbc>
<aes128ctr>true</aes128ctr>
<aes192ctr>true</aes192ctr>
<aes256ctr>true</aes256ctr>
<arcfour128>false</arcfour128>
<arcfour256>false</arcfour256>
<aes128gcm>true</aes128gcm>
<aes256gcm>true</aes256gcm>
<aes192cbc>false</aes192cbc>
</sshCCipherAlg>
<sshcKexAlg>
<dhGroupExchangeSha256>true</dhGroupExchangeSha256>
<dhGroupExchangeSha1>true</dhGroupExchangeSha1>
<dhGroup1Sha1>true</dhGroup1Sha1>
<ecdhSha2Nistp256>true</ecdhSha2Nistp256>
<ecdhSha2Nistp384>true</ecdhSha2Nistp384>
<ecdhSha2Nistp521>true</ecdhSha2Nistp521>
<sm2Kep>true</sm2Kep>
<dhGroup14Sha1>true</dhGroup14Sha1>
</sshcKexAlg>
<sshCHMacAlg>
<md5>true</md5>
<md596>true</md596>
<sha1>true</sha1>
<sha196>true</sha196>
<sha2256>true</sha2256>
<sha225696>true</sha225696>
<sha2512>true</sha2512>
</sshCHMacAlg>
<sshCPubKeyAlg>
<dsa>true</dsa>
<ecc>true</ecc>
<rsa>true</rsa>
</sshCPubKeyAlg>
</sshc>
<isiscomm xmlns="http://www.huawei.com/netconf/vrp" format-version="1.0" content-version="1.0">
<isisGlobalCfg>
<lspSeqOverAutoRvFlag>true</lspSeqOverAutoRvFlag>
<sysIdConflictAutoRvFlag>true</sysIdConflictAutoRvFlag>
<purgeLspProtectEnable>true</purgeLspProtectEnable>
</isisGlobalCfg>
</isiscomm>
<rtp xmlns="http://www.huawei.com/netconf/vrp" format-version="1.0" content-version="1.0">
<rtpGlobal>
<nonexistentCheckFlag>true</nonexistentCheckFlag>
</rtpGlobal>
</rtp>
<cli xmlns="http://www.huawei.com/netconf/vrp" format-version="1.0" content-version="1.0">
<headerInfo>
<loginInfo>
<loginInfoType/>
<loginText/>
<loginFile/>
</loginInfo>
<shellInfo>
<shellInfoType/>
<shellText/>
<shellFile/>
</shellInfo>
</headerInfo>
</cli>
<efm xmlns="http://www.huawei.com/netconf/vrp" format-version="1.0" content-version="1.0">
<efmGlobalCfg>
<efmGlobalEnable>false</efmGlobalEnable>
<loopIndex/>
<isSendPacket>0</isSendPacket>
<sessionId>0</sessionId>
<ifName/>
</efmGlobalCfg>
<efmInterfaces>
<efmInterface>
<ifName>GE1/0/0</ifName>
<state>disable</state>
<mode>active</mode>
<maxPduCfg>128</maxPduCfg>
<errFramePeriod>1</errFramePeriod>
<errFrameThresh>1</errFrameThresh>
<errFrameNotify>disable</errFrameNotify>
<errFrmSecPeriod>60</errFrmSecPeriod>
<errFrmSecThresh>1</errFrmSecThresh>
<errFrmSecNotify>disable</errFrmSecNotify>
<errCodePeriod>1</errCodePeriod>
<errCodeThresh>1</errCodeThresh>
<errCodeNotify>disable</errCodeNotify>
<triggerIfDown>disable</triggerIfDown>
<interval>1000</interval>
<timeout>5000</timeout>
<holdUpTime>0</holdUpTime>
<ignoreRequest>disable</ignoreRequest>
</efmInterface>
<efmInterface>
<ifName>GE1/0/1</ifName>
<state>disable</state>
<mode>active</mode>
<maxPduCfg>128</maxPduCfg>
<errFramePeriod>1</errFramePeriod>
<errFrameThresh>1</errFrameThresh>
<errFrameNotify>disable</errFrameNotify>
<errFrmSecPeriod>60</errFrmSecPeriod>
<errFrmSecThresh>1</errFrmSecThresh>
<errFrmSecNotify>disable</errFrmSecNotify>
<errCodePeriod>1</errCodePeriod>
<errCodeThresh>1</errCodeThresh>
<errCodeNotify>disable</errCodeNotify>
<triggerIfDown>disable</triggerIfDown>
<interval>1000</interval>
<timeout>5000</timeout>
<holdUpTime>0</holdUpTime>
<ignoreRequest>disable</ignoreRequest>
</efmInterface>
<efmInterface>
<ifName>GE1/0/2</ifName>
<state>disable</state>
<mode>active</mode>
<maxPduCfg>128</maxPduCfg>
<errFramePeriod>1</errFramePeriod>
<errFrameThresh>1</errFrameThresh>
<errFrameNotify>disable</errFrameNotify>
<errFrmSecPeriod>60</errFrmSecPeriod>
<errFrmSecThresh>1</errFrmSecThresh>
<errFrmSecNotify>disable</errFrmSecNotify>
<errCodePeriod>1</errCodePeriod>
<errCodeThresh>1</errCodeThresh>
<errCodeNotify>disable</errCodeNotify>
<triggerIfDown>disable</triggerIfDown>
<interval>1000</interval>
<timeout>5000</timeout>
<holdUpTime>0</holdUpTime>
<ignoreRequest>disable</ignoreRequest>
</efmInterface>
<efmInterface>
<ifName>GE1/0/3</ifName>
<state>disable</state>
<mode>active</mode>
<maxPduCfg>128</maxPduCfg>
<errFramePeriod>1</errFramePeriod>
<errFrameThresh>1</errFrameThresh>
<errFrameNotify>disable</errFrameNotify>
<errFrmSecPeriod>60</errFrmSecPeriod>
<errFrmSecThresh>1</errFrmSecThresh>
<errFrmSecNotify>disable</errFrmSecNotify>
<errCodePeriod>1</errCodePeriod>
<errCodeThresh>1</errCodeThresh>
<errCodeNotify>disable</errCodeNotify>
<triggerIfDown>disable</triggerIfDown>
<interval>1000</interval>
<timeout>5000</timeout>
<holdUpTime>0</holdUpTime>
<ignoreRequest>disable</ignoreRequest>
</efmInterface>
<efmInterface>
<ifName>GE1/0/4</ifName>
<state>disable</state>
<mode>active</mode>
<maxPduCfg>128</maxPduCfg>
<errFramePeriod>1</errFramePeriod>
<errFrameThresh>1</errFrameThresh>
<errFrameNotify>disable</errFrameNotify>
<errFrmSecPeriod>60</errFrmSecPeriod>
<errFrmSecThresh>1</errFrmSecThresh>
<errFrmSecNotify>disable</errFrmSecNotify>
<errCodePeriod>1</errCodePeriod>
<errCodeThresh>1</errCodeThresh>
<errCodeNotify>disable</errCodeNotify>
<triggerIfDown>disable</triggerIfDown>
<interval>1000</interval>
<timeout>5000</timeout>
<holdUpTime>0</holdUpTime>
<ignoreRequest>disable</ignoreRequest>
</efmInterface>
<efmInterface>
<ifName>GE1/0/5</ifName>
<state>disable</state>
<mode>active</mode>
<maxPduCfg>128</maxPduCfg>
<errFramePeriod>1</errFramePeriod>
<errFrameThresh>1</errFrameThresh>
<errFrameNotify>disable</errFrameNotify>
<errFrmSecPeriod>60</errFrmSecPeriod>
<errFrmSecThresh>1</errFrmSecThresh>
<errFrmSecNotify>disable</errFrmSecNotify>
<errCodePeriod>1</errCodePeriod>
<errCodeThresh>1</errCodeThresh>
<errCodeNotify>disable</errCodeNotify>
<triggerIfDown>disable</triggerIfDown>
<interval>1000</interval>
<timeout>5000</timeout>
<holdUpTime>0</holdUpTime>
<ignoreRequest>disable</ignoreRequest>
</efmInterface>
<efmInterface>
<ifName>GE1/0/6</ifName>
<state>disable</state>
<mode>active</mode>
<maxPduCfg>128</maxPduCfg>
<errFramePeriod>1</errFramePeriod>
<errFrameThresh>1</errFrameThresh>
<errFrameNotify>disable</errFrameNotify>
<errFrmSecPeriod>60</errFrmSecPeriod>
<errFrmSecThresh>1</errFrmSecThresh>
<errFrmSecNotify>disable</errFrmSecNotify>
<errCodePeriod>1</errCodePeriod>
<errCodeThresh>1</errCodeThresh>
<errCodeNotify>disable</errCodeNotify>
<triggerIfDown>disable</triggerIfDown>
<interval>1000</interval>
<timeout>5000</timeout>
<holdUpTime>0</holdUpTime>
<ignoreRequest>disable</ignoreRequest>
</efmInterface>
<efmInterface>
<ifName>GE1/0/7</ifName>
<state>disable</state>
<mode>active</mode>
<maxPduCfg>128</maxPduCfg>
<errFramePeriod>1</errFramePeriod>
<errFrameThresh>1</errFrameThresh>
<errFrameNotify>disable</errFrameNotify>
<errFrmSecPeriod>60</errFrmSecPeriod>
<errFrmSecThresh>1</errFrmSecThresh>
<errFrmSecNotify>disable</errFrmSecNotify>
<errCodePeriod>1</errCodePeriod>
<errCodeThresh>1</errCodeThresh>
<errCodeNotify>disable</errCodeNotify>
<triggerIfDown>disable</triggerIfDown>
<interval>1000</interval>
<timeout>5000</timeout>
<holdUpTime>0</holdUpTime>
<ignoreRequest>disable</ignoreRequest>
</efmInterface>
<efmInterface>
<ifName>GE1/0/8</ifName>
<state>disable</state>
<mode>active</mode>
<maxPduCfg>128</maxPduCfg>
<errFramePeriod>1</errFramePeriod>
<errFrameThresh>1</errFrameThresh>
<errFrameNotify>disable</errFrameNotify>
<errFrmSecPeriod>60</errFrmSecPeriod>
<errFrmSecThresh>1</errFrmSecThresh>
<errFrmSecNotify>disable</errFrmSecNotify>
<errCodePeriod>1</errCodePeriod>
<errCodeThresh>1</errCodeThresh>
<errCodeNotify>disable</errCodeNotify>
<triggerIfDown>disable</triggerIfDown>
<interval>1000</interval>
<timeout>5000</timeout>
<holdUpTime>0</holdUpTime>
<ignoreRequest>disable</ignoreRequest>
</efmInterface>
</efmInterfaces>
</efm>
</data>
提问，说出哪一部分是元素、属性。
ncclient上传配置
题目：配置GE1/0/2口的IP为10.1.1.1/24
如果在设备端操作将是：
# 不要运行这几句。实验目的是通过python客户端走netconf协议上传xml配置文件实现同样效果。
[CE1]int g1/0/2
[CE1-GE1/0/2]undo portswitch # 关闭2层，启⽤3层
[CE1-GE1/0/2]ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
[CE1-GE1/0/2
xml模板:
netconf协议修改设备的xml模板在设备官网文档中可查询到。
正规做法是保存内容到本地文件，运行python代码时open打开内容。但因为内容不多，也可以直接把模板内容放入声明的字符串变量中。<config> <ethernet xmlns="http://www.huawei.com/netconf/vrp" content-version="1.0" format-version="1.0"> <ethernetIfs> <ethernetIf operation="merge"> <ifName>GE1/0/2</ifName> <l2Enable>disable</l2Enable> </ethernetIf> </ethernetIfs> </ethernet> <ifm xmlns="http://www.huawei.com/netconf/vrp" content-version="1.0" format-version="1.0"> <interfaces> <interface operation="merge"> <ifName>GE1/0/2</ifName> <ifAdminStatus>up</ifAdminStatus> <ifDescr>Config by NETCONF</ifDescr> <ifmAm4> <am4CfgAddrs> <am4CfgAddr operation="merge"> <subnetMask>255.255.255.0</subnetMask> <addrType>main</addrType> <ifIpAddr>10.1.1.1</ifIpAddr> </am4CfgAddr> </am4CfgAddrs> </ifmAm4> </interface> </interfaces> </ifm> </config>一些标签属性解释：
<edit-config>操作用来把全部或部分配置数据加载到指定的目标配置数据库（<running/>）。设备对<edit-config>中的操作进行鉴权，鉴权通过后，执行相应的修改。
merge：在数据库中修改存在或不存在的目标数据，如果目标数据不存在则创建，如果目标数据存在则修改。这是默认操作。
target：待编辑的配置数据库。基于场景选择对应的数据库，立即生效模式，配置数据库为<running/>。
error-option rollback-on-error：出现错误后停止操作，并将配置回退到执行<edit-config>操作之前的状态。只有设备支持rollback-on-error能力才支持此操作。
python代码
CREATE_INTERFACE2 = ''' <config> <ethernet xmlns="http://www.huawei.com/netconf/vrp" content-version="1.0" format-version="1.0"> <ethernetIfs> <ethernetIf operation="merge"> <ifName>GE1/0/2</ifName> <l2Enable>disable</l2Enable> </ethernetIf> </ethernetIfs> </ethernet> <ifm xmlns="http://www.huawei.com/netconf/vrp" content-version="1.0" format-version="1.0"> <interfaces> <interface operation="merge"> <ifName>GE1/0/2</ifName> <ifAdminStatus>up</ifAdminStatus> <ifDescr>Config by NETCONF</ifDescr> <ifmAm4> <am4CfgAddrs> <am4CfgAddr operation="create"> <subnetMask>255.255.255.0</subnetMask> <addrType>main</addrType> <ifIpAddr>10.1.1.1</ifIpAddr> </am4CfgAddr> </am4CfgAddrs> </ifmAm4> </interface> </interfaces> </ifm> </config> ''' from ncclient import manager with manager.connect( host='192.168.56.100', port=830, username='zhangsan', password='Huawei@123', hostkey_verify=False, device_params={'name':'huawei'} ) as m: # 上传配置 rs = m.edit_config(target='running', config=CREATE_INTERFACE2) print(rs)服务端查看效果
<HUAWEI>display ip interface brief观察到两个vlan口有ip。
可能有人会有疑问，通过python控制模板比在设备端终端里输入几行命令复杂。
但配置文件的优点有：字段除了能配置IP还有许多其它功能，功能复杂时更有优势。
命令会输错，配置确定稳定后就不会错。
配置文件搭配编程语言，方便扩散到多台设备上。
Jinja2
一个配置文件内容很多，上面只是一个接口的IP配置部分。当有多个设备时，把配置文件写死是一种耗费精力和不易于维护的做法。
正确的做法是将配置收集到一个配置文件中或Python的列表、字典数据结构中：
devices = [
{
'name': 'S01',
'model': 'CE12800',
'ip': '192.168.56.100',
'username': 'zhangsan',
'password': 'Huawei@123',
'interfaces': [
{
'name': 'GE1/0/2',
'ip': '10.0.0.1/24'
}
]
},
{
'name': 'S02',
'model': 'S5700',
'ip': '192.168.56.101',
'username': 'zhangsan',
'password': 'Huawei@123',
'interfaces': [
{
'name': 'GE1/0/2',
'ip': '10.0.0.2/24'
}
]
}
]
然后把数据塞到模板中，模板中需要填入数据的地方，用特殊语法扣一个空。
Jinja2是python生态中完成这项工作的最流行的库之一，其它编程语言也都有类似的库。
为了简化，不再演示把网工数据填入模板（可查看课本上这章相关内容），下面的基础例子演示了Jinja2例子。
新建template.xml ，与后面创建的py脚本处于同一目录下。
用下面的简单数据例子来代替网工数据和课本上本章大量的xml模版。<!--这部分代码不用敲，直接用下一步含Jinja2语法的。--> <users> <user id="1"> <name>xiaoming</name> <email>11111@qq.com</email> </user> <user id="2"> <name>xiaoming</name> <email>22222@qq.com</email> </user> </users>然后把重复的地方抽离出来，在想要插入值的地方用Jinja2语法。{{}}语法表示插入值。{% %}可以书写部分简易Python语句如循环。 Jinja2的思想，在于解析包含Jinja2特殊语法的xml，把后端数据渲染到xml中。
<users> {% for user in users %} <user id="{{ user.id }}"> <name>{{ user.name }}</name> <email>{{ user.email }}</email> </user> {% endfor %} </users>安装jinja2库
pip install jinja2python代码
from jinja2 import Environment, FileSystemLoader # 准备数据。xml模板和jinja2渲染应该与此结构保持一致。 users = [ {"id": 1, "name": "Alice", "email": "alice@example.com"}, {"id": 2, "name": "Bob", "email": "bob@example.com"}, {"id": 3, "name": "Charlie", "email": "charlie@example.com"}, ] # 配置Jinja2环境 env = Environment(loader=FileSystemLoader(".")) # 待渲染的模板。注意文件名与实际创建的文件名保持一致。 template = env.get_template("./template.xml") # 传入后端数据到带有jinja语法的模板中，最终渲染得到结果xml内容。 rendered_xml = template.render(users=users) print(rendered_xml) # 可选：将渲染后的XML保存到文件 with open("./rendered.xml", "w") as f: f.write(rendered_xml)检查渲染结果，应该如下
<users> <user id="1"> <name>Alice</name> <email>alice@example.com</email> </user> <user id="2"> <name>Bob</name> <email>bob@example.com</email> </user> <user id="3"> <name>Charlie</name> <email>charlie@example.com</email> </user> </users>
xml解析
主要场景：
从接口收到数据，解析拿出字段值再组装成需要的结构存入数据库。
爬虫程序解析网页html。
与Json类似，略微不同之处是Json转python内置数据结构和python内置结构转Json两种操作都经常用，而xml在python生态主要是xml转python内置结构，因为python生态的接口数据传输主要用json。
内置库解析
内置库叫xml库，功能比较基础，在解析html复杂标签时可能需要自定义类，比较麻烦。
文档树(DOM)：ElementTree会降xml解析成树状结构再取值。
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
# 假设已经从接口或爬虫获取到了一些xml格式的字符串数据。
xml_string = """
<root>
<person>
<name>张三</name>
<age>30</age>
<city>北京</city>
</person>
<person>
<name>李四</name>
<age>25</age>
<city>上海</city>
</person>
</root>
"""
root = ET.fromstring(xml_string)
data = []
for person in root.findall('person'):
person_data = {
'name': person.find('name').text,
'age': int(person.find('age').text),
'city': person.find('city').text,
}
data.append(person_data)
print(data)
三方库lxml
这是一个C语言写的库，pip安装时会下载适合当前操作系统和Python解释器版本的编译后的二进制版本，而不需要电脑上安装C编译器和编译。
相比内置库，解析速度和功能都更加强大。
安装pip install lxml。
xPath表达式: (课外)表示xml标签层级的特殊语法，可以用来表示想要解析和取值的位置。
from lxml import etree
xml_string = """
<root>
<person>
<name>张三</name>
<age>30</age>
<city>北京</city>
</person>
<person>
<name>李四</name>
<age>25</age>
<city>上海</city>
</person>
</root>
"""
root = etree.fromstring(xml_string)
data = []
for person in root.xpath('//person'): # 使用 XPath 查找 person 元素
person_data = {
'name': person.xpath('string(name)'), # 使用 XPath string() 提取文本
'age': int(person.xpath('string(age)')),
'city': person.xpath('string(city)'),
}
data.append(person_data)
print(data)
课外
使用bs4、regex、xpath几种不同方式解析xml格式文件。
寻找netconf图形化工具。
尝试知名Web框架Flask框架，与Jinja2同一个团队并集成。(对于软件专业同学没什么，对于网工专业同学会有点难)
尝试用Python自带的字符串拼接语法和循环，达到jinja2的基本功能。
参考
08 四月 2025